Method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral

ABSTRACT

Aspects of a method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral are provided. In this regard, prior to transmission of cellular signals by a femtocell, the femtocell may be operable to detect signals that interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell, one or more base stations, and a cellular enabled communication device that communicates with the femtocell. The femtocell may be operable to defer transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time based on the detected interfering signals. During transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell to a cellular enabled communication device, the femtocell may be operable to detect loss of one or more packets of data. The femtocell may be operable to defer transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time based on the detected loss of one or more packets of data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Not Applicable

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention relate to communications. More specifically, certain embodiments of the invention relate to a method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A femtocell is a small base station that may be placed in a customer's residence or in a small business environment, for example. Femtocells may be utilized for off-loading macro radio network facilities, improving coverage locally in a cost-effective manner, and/or implementing home-zone services to increase revenue. Femtocells, like macro base stations, may be enabled to connect “standard” phones to a cellular provider's network by a physical broadband connection which may be a digital subscriber line (DSL) connection, fiber connection, and/or a cable connection, for example. Since the traffic between a customer's premises femtocell equipment and the operator's network may be traversing a public network, the traffic may be prone to various risks.

Communication between femtocells and one or more cellular provider's networks enables operation in private and public areas. The capacity of a femtocell may be adequate to address a typical family use model supporting two to four simultaneous voice calls and/or data, for example.

An important characteristic of femtocells is their ability to control access. In an open access scenario, any terminal and/or subscriber that may be subscribed to any cellular base station may be allowed to communicate with the femtocell. Accordingly, the femtocell usage may somewhat resemble that of a macrocellular system. In a closed access scenario, only a limited number of terminals and/or subscribers that may be subscribed to a given cellular base station may be allowed to communicate with the femtocell. In this regard, the cellular base station may be perceived as being deployed for private usage.

A regulatory issue with regard to femtocells is that they use licensed frequencies that radiate at a very low power in a controlled environment. It may be likely that they may not require a license from a local authority, as macrocellular base stations do. An additional regulatory issue may arise from the relationship between a femtocell operator and a broadband services operator. One possible scenario may include the broadband operator being unaware of the existence of a femtocell operator. Conversely, the broadband operator and femtocell operator may have an agreement or they may be the same operator, for example. Interference between femtocells may be an issue for femtocell deployments based on wideband technologies such as WCDMA, or OFDM, for example, because initial operator deployments may use the same frequency for both the femtocell and the macrocellular networks or due to the proximity of femtocell base stations in dense urban areas

There are a plurality of design models for deployment and integration of femtocells, for example, an IP based radio network controller (RNC) node B (lu-b), a session initiation protocol (SIP) based approach using an lu/A interface, use of unlicensed spectrum in a technique known as unlicensed mobile access (UMA) and/or use of IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) voice call continuity (VCC), for example.

In an lu-b model based femtocell deployment approach, femtocells may be fully integrated into the wireless carrier's network and may be treated like any other remote node in a network. The lu-b protocol may have a plurality of responsibilities, such as the management of common channels, common resources, and radio links along with configuration management, including cell configuration management, measurement handling and control, time division duplex (TDD) synchronization, and/or error reporting, for example. In lu-b configurations, mobile devices may access the network and its services via the Node B link, and femtocells may be treated as traditional base stations.

In a SIP based femtocell deployment approach, a SIP client, embedded in the femtocell may be enabled to utilize SIP to communicate with the SIP-enabled mobile switching center (MSC). The MSC may perform the operational translation between the IP SIP network and the traditional mobile network, for example.

In a UMA based femtocell deployment approach, a generic access network (GAN) may offer an alternative way to access GSM and GPRS core network services over broadband. To support this approach, a UMA Network Controller (UNC) and protocols that guarantee secure transport of signaling and user traffic over IP may be utilized. The UNC may be enabled to interface into a core network via existing 3GPP interfaces, for example, to support core network integration of femtocell based services by delivering a standards based, scalable IP interface for mobile core networks.

In an IMS VCC based femtocell deployment approach, VCC may provide for a network design that may extend an IMS network to include cellular coverage and address the handoff process. The IMS VCC may be designed to provide seamless call continuity between cellular networks and any network that supports VoIP, for example. The VCC may also provide for interoperability between GSM, UMTS, and CDMA cellular networks and any IP capable wireless access network, for example. The IMS VCC may also support the use of a single phone number or SIP identity and may offer a broad collection of functional advantages, for example, support for multiple markets and market segments, provisioning of enhanced IMS multimedia services, including greater service personalization and control, seamless handoff between circuit-switched and IMS networks, and/or access to services from any IP device.

Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional and traditional approaches will become apparent to one of skill in the art, through comparison of such systems with some aspects of the present invention as set forth in the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A system and/or method is provided for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral, substantially as shown in and/or described in connection with at least one of the figures, as set forth more completely in the claims.

These and other advantages, aspects and novel features of the present invention, as well as details of an illustrated embodiment thereof, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of an exemplary femtocell, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral. In accordance with various embodiment of the invention, prior to transmission of cellular signals by a femtocell, the femtocell may be operable to detect the signals that interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell, and a cellular enabled communication device that communicates with the femtocell. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, prior to transmission of cellular signals by a femtocell, the femtocell may be operable to detect the signals that interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell, one or more base stations and a cellular enabled communication device that communicates with the femtocell. The femtocell may be operable to configure itself by delaying or deferring transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time based on the detected interfering signals. During transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell to a cellular enabled communication device, the femtocell may be operable to detect loss of one or more packets of data. The femtocell may be operable to configure itself by delaying transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time based on the detected loss of one or more packets of data.

FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary cellular network, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 1A, there is shown a cellular network 100 comprising sub-networks 101 a, 101 b and 101 c, and a femtocell management entity 148. The exemplary sub-network 101 a may comprise a base station 102, femtocells 110 a, 110 b, 110 c and 110 d, which are collectively referred to herein as femtocells 110, and cellular enabled communication devices 112 a and 112 b, which are collectively referred to herein as cellular enabled communication devices 112. The femtocells 110 may be installed in one or more commercial properties 104, one or more residential properties 106, and/or one or more multi-tenant properties 108.

The commercial properties 104 may comprise, for example, stores, restaurants, offices, and municipal buildings. The residential properties 106 may comprise, for example, single-family homes, home offices, and/or town-houses. Multi-tenant properties 108 may comprise residential and/or commercial tenants such as apartments, condos, hotels, and/or high rises.

The base station 102 may be operable to communicate data wirelessly utilizing one or more cellular standards such as IS-95, CDMA, GSM, TDMA, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, OFDM, HSDPA, extensions thereto, and/or variants thereof. Notwithstanding, the invention may not be so limited, and the base station 102 may be operable to communicate data to the plurality of femtocells via a wired network, for example, a digital subscriber line (DSL) connection, fiber connection, and/or a cable connection without limiting the scope of the invention. “Data,” as utilized herein, may refer to any analog and/or digital information including but not limited to voice, Internet data, and/or multimedia content. Multimedia content may comprise audio and/or visual content comprising, video, still images, animated images, and/or textual content. The base station 102 may communicate with the cellular enabled communication devices such as the cellular enabled communication devices 112. Exemplary cellular standards supported by the base station 102 may be specified in the International Mobile Telecomunnications-2000 (IMT-2000) standard and/or developed by the 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) and/or the 3^(rd) generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2). The base station 102 may communicate data amongst the various components of the sub-network 101 a. Additionally, data communicated to and/or from the base station 102 may be communicated to sub-network 101 b, sub-network 101 c, and/or to one or more other networks (not shown) via one or more backhaul links 103. In this manner, data communicated to and/or from the base station 102 may be communicated to and/or from, other portions of the network 100 and/or other networks. Exemplary networks with which data may be communicated may comprise public switched telephone networks (PSTN) and/or IP networks such as the Internet or an intranet.

The femtocells 110 may each comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may be operable to communicate wirelessly utilizing one or more cellular standards such as IS-95, CDMA, GSM, TDMA, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, OFDM, HSDPA, extensions thereto, and/or variants thereof. In this regard, the femtocells 110 may each communicate with the cellular enabled communication devices such as the cellular enabled communication devices 112. Exemplary cellular standards supported by the femtocells 110 may be specified in the International Mobile Telecomunnications-2000 (IMT-2000) standard and/or developed by the 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) and/or the 3^(rd) generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2). Additionally, the femtocells 110 may each comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may be operable to communicate over an IP network (not shown in FIG. 1A).

The cellular enabled communication devices 112 may each comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may be operable to communicate utilizing one or more cellular standards. In this regard, the cellular enabled communication devices 112 may each be operable to transmit and/or receive data via the cellular network 100. Exemplary cellular enabled communication devices may comprise laptop computers, mobile phones, and personal media players, for example. The cellular enabled communication devices 112 may be enabled to receive, process, and present multimedia content and may additionally be enabled run a network browser or other applications for providing Internet services to a user of the cellular enabled device 112.

In operation, the cellular enabled communication devices 112 may gain access to the cellular network 100 and/or to other communication networks via cellular communications with the base station 102 and the femtocells 110. In this regard, in instances that a reliable connection may be established between the base station 102 and a cellular enabled communication device 112, the data may be communicated between the cellular enabled communication device 112 and the base station 102. Alternatively, in instances that a reliable connection may be established between a femtocell 110 and a cellular enabled communication device 112, the data may be communicated between the cellular enabled communication device 112 and the femtocell 110. However, because of the finite number of cellular channels and limited availability and cost of licensing cellular frequencies, there may be a significant risk for interference between two or more of the femtocells 110 and/or between one or more femtocells 110 and the base station 102. Thus, owners and/or operators (owners/operators) of the femtocells 110 may desire and/or need a way to mitigate the cellular interference caused by the femtocells 110 in the cellular network 100.

In operation, the femtocell management entity 148 may be operable to process one or more parameters, for example, signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference noise ratio (SINR), carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), receive signal strength indication (RSSI), potential interference, and/or power levels as a function of directionality of antennas of one or more neighboring femtocells, for example, femtocells 110 a, 110 c and 110 d to detect the interfering signals.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 110 b may be operable to receive one or more parameters from the one or more femtocells, for example, femtocells 110 a, 110 c and 110 d, base station 102 and the plurality of cellular enabled communication devices 112 a and 112 b from the cellular sub-network 101 a. The femtocell 110 b may be operable to dynamically adjust one or more parameters, for example, frequencies of operation and/or power levels as a function of directionality of antennas of the femtocell 110 b based on the detected interfering signals.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the plurality of femtocells 110 a, 110 b, 110 c and 110 d within the cellular sub-network 101 a may be interconnected via a wired connection and/or a wireless connection, for example. Each of the plurality of femtocells 110 a, 110 b, 110 c and 110 d may be operable to communicate and/or exchange interference information between each other. For example, each of the femtocells 110 b, 110 c and 110 d may be operable to communicate interference information to femtocell 110 a. In some embodiments of the invention, the exchange of interference information may occur through an intermediary device such as one of the femtocells or via a centralized management entity 148 such as a management server. The communicated interference information may comprise one or more of signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference noise ratio (SINR), carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), receive signal strength indication (RSSI), potential interference, and/or power levels as a function of directionality of antennas of each of the plurality of femtocells 110 b, 110 c and 110 d.

The femtocell 110 a may be operable to determine configuration information for itself based on the communicated interference information. The determined configuration information may comprise one or more of power levels, frequencies of operation, location, and/or directionality of antennas of each of the plurality of femtocells 110 b, 110 c and 110 d. The femtocell 110 a may be operable to configure itself based on the determined configuration information by delaying transmission of cellular signals for a particular period of time.

FIG. 1B is a block diagram of an exemplary femtocell, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 1B, there is shown a femtocell 150 comprising an antenna 152, a cellular transmitter and/or receiver (Tx/Rx) 154, a broadband transmitter and/or receiver (Tx/Rx) 156, a processor 158, a memory 160, and a digital signal processor (DSP) 162. The femtocell 150 may be similar to or the same as the femtocells 110 described with respect to FIG. 1A. The femtocell 150 may be part of a mesh network of interconnected femtocells.

The antenna 152 may be suitable for transmitting and/or receiving cellular signals. Although a single antenna is illustrated, the invention may not be so limited. In this regard, the cellular Tx/Rx 154 may utilize a common antenna for transmission and reception, or may utilize different antennas for transmission and reception, and/or may utilize a plurality of antennas for transmission and/or reception.

The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may comprise suitable logic circuitry and/or code that may be operable to transmit and/or receive voice and/or data utilizing one or more cellular standards. The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may be operable to perform amplification, down-conversion, filtering, demodulation, and analog to digital conversion of received cellular signals. The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may be operable to perform amplification, up-conversion, filtering, modulation, and digital to analog conversion of transmitted cellular signals. The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may support communication over a plurality of communication channels utilizing time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA) and/or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Exemplary cellular standards supported by the femtocells 110 may be specified in the International Mobile Telecomunnications-2000 (IMT-2000) standard developed by the 3^(rd) generation partnership project (3GPP) and/or the 3^(rd) generation partnership project 2 (3GPP2). The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may be operable to transmit and/or receive on one or more frequencies and/or channels. One or more of the frequencies and/or one or more of the channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 receives and/or transmits may be configured via one or more control signals from the processor 158, memory 160, and/or the DSP 162. The cellular Tx/Rx 154 may also comprise a processor that may be enabled to monitor the received signal strength and for characterizing an environment in which the femtocell 150 resides.

The broadband Tx/Rx 156 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may be operable to transmit voice and/or data in adherence to one or more broadband standards. The broadband Tx/Rx 156 may be operable to perform amplification, down-conversion, filtering, demodulation, and analog to digital conversion of received signals. The broadband Tx/Rx 156 may be operable to perform amplification, up-conversion, filtering, modulation, and digital to analog conversion of transmitted signals. In various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the broadband Tx/Rx 156 may transmit and/or receive voice and/or data over the link 157 which may be a T1/E1 line, optical fiber, DSL, cable television infrastructure, satellite broadband internet connection, satellite television infrastructure, and/or Ethernet. In various exemplary embodiments of the invention, data received via the broadband Tx/Rx 156 may be conveyed to the processor 158, memory 160, and/or the DSP 162 and may be utilized to control one or more frequencies and/or channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 transmits and/or receives.

The processor 158 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may enable processing data and/or controlling operations of the femtocell 150. In this regard, the processor 158 may be enabled to provide control signals to the various other blocks comprising the femtocell 150. The processor 158 may also control data transfers between various portions of the femtocell 150. Additionally, the processor 158 may enable execution of applications programs and/or code. In various embodiments of the invention, the applications, programs, and/or code may enable, for example, parsing, transcoding, or otherwise processing data. In various embodiments of the invention, the applications, programs, and/or code may enable, for example, configuring or controlling operation of the cellular Tx/Rx 154, the broadband Tx/Rx 156, the DSP 162, and/or the memory 160. In various embodiments of the invention, the applications, programs, and/or code may enable detecting interference and/or controlling cellular one or more frequencies and/or one or more channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 transmits and/or receives.

The processor 158 in the femtocell 110 a may be operable to detect the interfering signals from the plurality of neighboring femtocells 110 b, 110 c and 110 d, one or more base stations, and/or one or more communication devices. The processor 158 may be operable to configure itself by delaying the transmission of cellular signals for a particular period of time, for example. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the processor 158 may be operable to detect whether the interference between the plurality of femtocells, one or more base stations, and/or one or more communication devices is below a threshold level. If the interference between the plurality of femtocells, one or more base stations, and/or one or more communication devices is below a threshold level, the processor 158 may be operable to transmit and/or receive information to a corresponding target, for example, a communication device, another femtocell, and/or a base station.

The memory 160 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code that may enable storage or programming of information that includes parameters and/or code that may effectuate the operation of the femtocell 150. The parameters may comprise configuration data and the code may comprise operational code such as software and/or firmware, but the information need not be limited in this regard. Moreover, the parameters may include adaptive filter and/or block coefficients. Additionally, the memory 160 may buffer or otherwise store received data and/or data to be transmitted. In various embodiments of the invention, the memory 160 may comprise one or more look-up tables utilized for determining cellular devices within a coverage area of the femtocell 150. In various embodiments of the invention, the memory 160 may comprise one or more look-up tables or other data structures which may comprise information controlling one or more frequencies and/or one or more channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 transmits and/or receives.

The DSP 162 may comprise suitable logic, circuitry, and/or code operable to process audio and/or video signals. In various embodiments of the invention, the DSP 162 may encode, decode, modulate, demodulate, encrypt, and/or decrypt voice and/or data signals. In this regard, the DSP 162 may be operable to perform computationally intensive processing of voice and/or data signals. In various embodiments of the invention, the DSP 162 may be operable to detect interference and/or control one or more frequencies and/or one or more channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 transmits and/or receives. The DSP 162 may be operable to perform, for example, fast Fourier transform analysis (FFT) of received signals to characterize an environment in which the femtocell 150 resides.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 150 may characterize its surrounding environment by receiving signals on one or more frequencies and/or channels via the cellular Tx/Rx 154, conveying the received signals to the DSP 162, and performing one or more measurements and/or calculations on the signals via the DSP 162. In this regard, the DSP may characterize received signals utilizing metrics such as in-band interference, out-of-band interference, and/or signal-to-noise ratio (e.g. SNR, SINR, CNR). The characterization may enable detection of interfering signals. Results of the characterization may be conveyed to the processor 158 and/or stored in the memory 160 and may be utilized, at least in part, to determine one or more frequencies and/or channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 may transmit and/or receive. In this manner, interference may be reduced. The results of the characterization may be communicated over, for example, an IP network to which the femtocell 150 is communicatively coupled via the broadband Tx/Rx 156 and/or to the femtocell management entity 148.

The one or more frequencies and/or channels on which the cellular Tx/Rx 154 may transmit and/or receive may also be determined, at least in part, based on data received via the broadband Tx/Rx 156. In this regard, other femtocells and/or base stations may characterize the environment in which they are operating and may communicate results of those characterizations over, for example, an IP network to which the femtocell 150 is communicatively coupled. In various embodiments of the invention, characterizing an environment may comprise measuring signal strengths on one or more frequencies and/or channels and perform one or more calculations and/or analyses utilizing the measurements. In this manner, signals which may interfere with cellular communications with the femtocell 150 may be detected.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a network 200. The network 200 may comprise one or more base stations 220, a plurality of interconnected femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207, and a plurality of cellular enabled communication devices 208 a and 208 b. The plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 and the base station 220 may be communicatively coupled to an IP network via a wired connection 212. The plurality of interconnected femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207, and the plurality of cellular enabled communication devices 208 a and 208 b may be communicatively coupled via wireless connections 213. The base station 220 may be may be substantially as described with respect to FIG. 1A. Each of the plurality of interconnected femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 may be substantially as described with respect to FIGS. 1A and 1B. Each of the plurality of cellular enabled communication devices 208 a and 208 b may be substantially as described in FIG. 1A. Notwithstanding, the invention may not be so limited and the network 200 may comprise other femtocells, cellular enabled communication devices and base stations, which are not shown in FIG. 2.

The plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 may be communicatively coupled to an IP network via a wired connection 212. The IP network may comprise one or more network devices and/or network links operable to transmit and/or receive IP packets. The IP network may provide access to the Internet and/or one or more private networks. The wired connection 212 may comprise a broadband link such as a digital subscriber line (DSL), a T1/E1 line, a cable television infrastructure, a satellite television infrastructure, and/or a satellite broadband Internet link. The wired connection 212 may comprise one or more optical, fiber, and/or wired links.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 may be communicatively coupled to each other via wireless connections 213. Each of the plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 may be a node in the network 200. Each of the plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 may be operable to communicate with other femtocells, base stations and/or cellular enabled communication devices within a particular coverage area via a wireless connection 213. The wireless connection 213 may be enabled to communicate data wirelessly utilizing one or more cellular standards such as IS-95, CDMA, GSM, TDMA, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS/WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, OFDM, HSDPA, extensions thereto, and/or variants thereof. For example, the femtocell 202 may be operable to communicate with other femtocells, base stations and/or cellular enabled communication devices within a femtocell coverage area 210 a. The femtocell 204 may be operable to communicate with other femtocells, base stations and/or cellular enabled communication devices within a femtocell coverage area 210 b. The femtocell 206 may be operable to communicate with other femtocells, base stations and/or cellular enabled communication devices within a femtocell coverage area 210 c. Similarly, the femtocell 207 may be operable to communicate with other femtocells, base stations and/or cellular enabled communication devices within a femtocell coverage area 210 d.

Accordingly, each femtocell may be placed within a femtocell coverage area of the neighboring femtocells in the network 200, for example. For example, the femtocell 202 may be placed within the femtocell coverage area 210 b of the neighboring femtocell 204 and the femtocell coverage area 210 d of the neighboring femtocell 207. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 202 may be placed on the outer boundaries of the femtocell coverage area 210 b of the neighboring femtocell 204 and the femtocell coverage area 210 d of the neighboring femtocell 207. Similarly, the femtocell 204 may be placed within the femtocell coverage area 210 a of neighboring femtocell 202, within the femtocell coverage area 210 d of the neighboring femtocell 207, and within the femtocell coverage area 210 c of the neighboring femtocell 206. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 204 may be placed on the outer boundaries of the femtocell coverage area 210 a of the neighboring femtocell 202, the femtocell coverage area 210 d of the neighboring femtocell 207, and the femtocell coverage area 210 c of neighboring femtocell 206. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 204 may be placed at the intersection of the femtocell coverage area 210 a of neighboring femtocell 202, the femtocell coverage area 210 d of the neighboring femtocell 207, and the femtocell coverage area 210 c of neighboring femtocell 206. Similarly, the femtocell 206 may be placed within the femtocell coverage area 210 b of neighboring femtocell 204. In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, the femtocell 206 may be placed on the outer boundary of the femtocell coverage area 210 b of neighboring femtocell 204.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the cellular enabled communication device 208 a may be located within the femtocell coverage area 210 a of femtocell 202 and within the femtocell coverage area 210 b of femtocell 204, for example. The cellular enabled communication device 208 b may be located within the femtocell coverage area 210 c of femtocell 206, for example. Notwithstanding, the invention may not be so limited and the cellular enabled communication devices 208 a and 208 b may be located in other locations within the network 200 without limiting the scope of the invention.

In operation, the cellular enabled communication devices 208 a and 208 b may gain access to the cellular network 200 and/or to other communication networks via cellular communications with the base station 220 and the femtocells 202, 204 and 206. In this regard, in instances that a reliable connection may be established between the base station 220 and a cellular enabled communication device, for example, 208 a, data may be communicated between the cellular enabled communication device 208 a and the base station 220. Alternatively, in instances that a reliable connection may be established between a femtocell, for example, femtocell 202 and a cellular enabled communication device, for example, 208 a, data may be communicated between the cellular enabled communication device 208 a and the femtocell 202.

The femtocell 204 may be operable to transmit the received data from the femtocell 202 to the neighboring femtocell 206 within the femtocell coverage area 210 b. The femtocell 206 may be operable to transmit the received data from the femtocell 204 to the cellular enabled communication device 208 b within the femtocell coverage area 210 c. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, each of the plurality of femtocells 202, 204, 206 and 207 in the network 200 may be operable to detect neighboring femtocells in the network 200 without contacting the base station 220.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, prior to transmission of cellular signals from a femtocell 202 to one or more cellular enabled communication devices 208 a, one or more processors, for example, the processor 158 in the femtocell 202 may be operable to detect the interfering signals 215 by measuring one or more parameters, such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference noise ratio (SINR), carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), receive signal strength indication (RSSI), potential interference, power levels, location, and/or directionality of antennas of one or more neighboring femtocells, for example, femtocells 204, 206 and 207, and/or one or more base stations.

The processor 158 in the femtocell 202 may be operable to configure itself by delaying the transmission of cellular signals for a particular period of time based on the detected interfering signals or delaying the transmission of cellular signals until the detected interference signals are below a particular interference threshold level. In another embodiment of the invention, the network management entity 148 may be operable to detect the interfering signals 215. The femtocell 202 may be operable to perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 202 upon installing and/or powering up the femtocell 202. The femtocell 202 may be operable to perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 202 upon command from a network administrator or a software program installed on the femtocell 202. The femtocell 202 may be operable to periodically perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 202. The femtocell 202 may be operable to configure the femtocell 202 by adjusting one or more of power levels, frequencies of operation, and/or directionality of antennas of the femtocell 202.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, during transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell 202 to a cellular enabled communication device 208 a, the processor 158 in the femtocell 202 may be operable to detect the loss of one or more packets of data during transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell 202 to the cellular enabled communication device 208 a. The femtocell 202 may be operable to configure itself to delay transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time, for example, a few milliseconds, based on the detected loss of one or more packets of data, detected interference, received information from a network management entity 148 and/or received information from one or more other femtocells in the network 200. The detected loss of the one or more packets of data may be caused by one or more signals that interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell 202 and the cellular enabled communication device 208 a.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, during transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell 202 to a cellular enabled communication device 208 a, the processor 158 in the femtocell 202 may be operable to configure itself to delay transmission of the cellular signals until the detected interference is below a particular threshold level. If the detected interference is below a particular threshold level, the femtocell 202 may be operable to transmit one or more packets to one or more femtocells and/or communication devices. The femtocell 202 may be operable to detect the loss of one or more packets of data during transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell 202 to the cellular enabled communication device 208 a. The femtocell 202 may be operable to delay transmission for a random backoff interval, for example, and re-transmit the one or more packets of data to the cellular enabled communication device 208 a.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating exemplary steps for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Referring to FIG. 3, exemplary steps may begin with step 302. In step 304, a femtocell in a network may be operable to measure various parameters, such as signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference noise ratio (SINR), carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), receive signal strength indication (RSSI), potential interference, power levels as a function of directionality of antennas of one or more neighboring femtocells in the network. In step 306, it may be determined whether the femtocell detects interfering signals based on the measurements. If the femtocell detects the interfering signals based on the measurements, control passes to step 308. In step 308, the femtocell may be operable to configure itself by deferring transmission of cellular signals for a particular time period (T1) or until the detected interfering signals are below a particular interference threshold level. In step 310, it may be determined whether time period T1 has expired. If time period T1 has expired, control returns to step 304. If time period T1 has not expired, control returns to step 308. Notwithstanding, the invention may not be so limited and other time periods may be utilized to defer transmission of the cellular signals without limiting the scope of the invention.

If the femtocell does not detect the interfering signals based on the measurements in step 306, control passes to step 312. In step 312, the femtocell may be operable to transmit cellular signals to a cellular enabled communication device for a particular time period (T2). The time periods T1 and T2 may be user programmable, for example. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the time period T2 may be determined based on the amount of data to be transmitted by the femtocell and the available bandwidth of the channel to be utilized to transmit the data from the femtocell. Notwithstanding, the invention may not be so limited and the time periods T1 and T2 may be chosen by other means, such as by a network provider or a network management entity without limiting the scope of the invention. In step 314, it may be determined whether time period T2 has expired. If time period T2 has not expired, control returns to step 312. If time period T1 has expired, control passes to step 316.

In step 316, it may be determined whether one or more packets of data transmitted by the femtocells have been lost. If one or more packets of data transmitted by the femtocells have been lost, control returns to step 308. If one or more packets of data transmitted by the femtocells have not been lost, control passes to end step 318.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, a method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral may comprise one or more processors, for example, processor 158 for use in a femtocell 204 that may be operable to detect signals 213 that may interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell 204 and a cellular enabled communication device 208 a that communicates with the femtocell 204, prior to transmission of cellular signals by the femtocell 204. The femtocell 204 may be operable to configure itself to defer transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time, for example, a few milliseconds, based on the detected interfering signals 215. The femtocell 204 may be operable to detect the interfering signals 215 by measuring one or more of signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal to interference noise ratio (SINR), carrier to noise ratio (CNR), carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR), receive signal strength indication (RSSI), potential interference, power levels as a function of antenna directionality of one or more neighboring femtocells, for example, femtocells 202, 207 and 206.

In another embodiment of the invention, the network management entity 148 may be operable to detect the interfering signals 215. The femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148 may be operable to perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 204 upon installing and/or powering up the femtocell 204. The femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148 may be operable to perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 204 upon command from a network administrator or based on a software program in the femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148. The femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148 may be operable to periodically perform the detecting of the interfering signals 215 and the configuring of the femtocell 204. The femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148 may be operable to configure the femtocell 204 by adjusting one or more of power levels, frequencies of operation, and/or directionality of antennas of the femtocell 204. The femtocell 204 or the network management entity 148 may be operable to detect the interfering signals 215 via a wireless connection 213. The wireless connection 213 may be operable to handle signals comprising IS-95, CDMA, GSM, TDMA, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, WCDMA, OFDM, TD-SCDMA and/or HSDPA signals.

In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a method and system for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral may comprise one or more processors, for example, processor 158 for use in a femtocell 204 that may be operable to detect the loss of one or more packets of data during transmission of cellular signals from the femtocell 204 to a cellular enabled communication device 208 a. The femtocell 204 may be operable to configure itself to delay or defer transmission of the cellular signals for a particular period of time, for example, a few milliseconds, based on the detected loss of one or more packets of data or defer transmission of the cellular signals until the detected interference signals is below a particular threshold level. The detected loss of the one or more packets of data may be caused by one or more signals 213 that interfere with cellular communications between the femtocell 204 and the cellular enabled communication device 208 a.

Another embodiment of the invention may provide a machine and/or computer readable storage and/or medium, having stored thereon, a machine code and/or a computer program having at least one code section executable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machine and/or computer to perform the steps as described herein for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells utilizing transmission deferral.

Accordingly, the present invention may be realized in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. The present invention may be realized in a centralized fashion in at least one computer system, or in a distributed fashion where different elements are spread across several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and software may be a general-purpose computer system with a computer program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer system such that it carries out the methods described herein.

The present invention may also be embedded in a computer program product, which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the present context means any expression, in any language, code or notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system having an information processing capability to perform a particular function either directly or after either or both of the following: a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b) reproduction in a different material form.

While the present invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the present invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for mitigating interference between a plurality of femtocells, comprising: processing, by a femtocell, a parameter of a neighboring femtocell to detect for a presence of an interfering signal that interferes with a cellular signal transmitted between the femtocell and a cellular enabled communication device; delaying transmission of the cellular signal when the interfering signal is present for a first time period; transmitting the cellular signal when the interference signal is not present for a second time period after the first time period expires; detecting whether a data packet transmitted in the cellular signal was lost after the second time period expires; and repeating the delaying and the transmitting when the data packet is lost.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the parameter from the neighboring femtocell.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the parameter from a base station.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving the parameter from the cellular enabled communication device.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein processing comprises at least one of: processing a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR); processing a carrier to noise ratio (CNR); processing a carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR); or processing a receive signal strength indication (RSSI).
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein delaying comprises: deferring transmission of the cellular signal by the femtocell until the detected interfering signal is below a threshold level.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: measuring the parameter as a function of directionality of antennas of the neighboring femtocell to detect the presence of the interfering signal; and adjusting a power level of the femtocell based on the parameter.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the neighboring femtocell is located within a femtocell coverage area of the femtocell.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining the second time period based on an amount of data to be transmitted within the cellular signal.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining the second time period based on a channel bandwidth used for transmission of the cellular signal.
 11. A femtocell, comprising: a processor configured to: process a parameter of a neighboring femtocell to detect for a presence of an interfering signal that interferes with a cellular signal transmitted between the femtocell and a cellular enabled communication device; and delay transmission of the cellular signal when the interfering signal is present for a first time period; and a cellular transceiver configured to transmit the cellular signal when the interference signal is not present for a second time period after the first time period expires, wherein the processor is further configured to detect whether a data packet transmitted in the cellular signal was lost after the second time period expires, and wherein the processor and the cellular transceiver are further configured to repeat the delaying and the transmitting when the data packet is lost.
 12. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the cellular transceiver is further configured to receive the parameter from the neighboring femtocell.
 13. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the parameter comprises at least one of: a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR); a carrier to noise ratio (CNR); a carrier to interference noise ratio (CINR); or a receive signal strength indication (RSSI).
 14. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to delay the transmission of the cellular signal by deferring the transmission until the detected interfering signal is below a threshold level.
 15. The ferntocell of claim 11, farther comprising: a digital signal processor (DSP) configured to: measure the parameter as a function of directionality of antennas of the neighboring femtocell to detect the presence of the interfering signal; and adjust a power level of the femtocell based on the parameter.
 16. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the neighboring femtocell is located within a femtocell coverage area of the femtocell.
 17. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the second time period based on an amount of data to be transmitted within the cellular signal.
 18. The femtocell of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the second time period based on a channel bandwidth used for transmission of the cellular signal.
 19. A network, comprising: a plurality of cellular enabled communication devices configured to transmit and receive data via the network; a plurality of femtocells, a femtocell from among the plurality of femtocells being configured to: process a parameter from a neighboring femtocell from among the plurality of femtocells to detect for a presence of an interfering signal that interferes with a cellular signal transmitted between the femtocell and the plurality of cellular enabled communication devices, delay transmission of the cellular signal when the interfering signal is present for a first time period, and transmit the cellular signal when the interference signal is not present for a second time period after the first time period expires; and a base station configured to enable cellular communication between the plurality of cellular enabled communication devices and the plurality of femtocells via the network, wherein the femtocell is further configured to detect whether a data packet transmitted in the cellular signal was lost after the second time period expires and to repeat the delaying and the transmitting if a lost data packet is detected.
 20. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is further configured to detect the presence of the interfering signal from the neighboring femtocell without contacting the base station.
 21. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is further configured to receive the parameter from each neighboring femtocell.
 22. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is configured to delay the transmission of the cellular signal by deferring transmission of the cellular signal until the detected interfering signal is below a threshold level.
 23. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is further configured to: measure the parameter as a function of directionality of antennas of the neighboring femtocell to detect the presence of the interfering signal; and adjust a power level of the femtocell as the function of directionality based on the parameter.
 24. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is further configured to determine the second time period based on an amount of data to be transmitted within the cellular signal.
 25. The network of claim 19, wherein the femtocell is further configured to determine the second time period based on a channel bandwidth used for transmission of the cellular signal. 